/* jshint proto:true */

var Emitter  = require('./emitter'),
    utils    = require('./utils'),
    // cache methods
    typeOf   = utils.typeOf,
    def      = utils.defProtected,
    hasOwn   = ({}).hasOwnProperty,
    oDef     = Object.defineProperty,
    slice    = [].slice,
    // types
    OBJECT   = 'Object',
    ARRAY    = 'Array',
    // fix for IE + __proto__ problem
    // define methods as inenumerable if __proto__ is present,
    // otherwise enumerable so we can loop through and manually
    // attach to array instances
    hasProto = ({}).__proto__,
    // lazy load
    ViewModel

// Array Mutation Handlers & Augmentations ------------------------------------

// The proxy prototype to replace the __proto__ of
// an observed array
var ArrayProxy = Object.create(Array.prototype)

// intercept mutation methods
;[
    'push',
    'pop',
    'shift',
    'unshift',
    'splice',
    'sort',
    'reverse'
].forEach(watchMutation)

// Augment the ArrayProxy with convenience methods
def(ArrayProxy, '$set', function (index, data) {
    return this.splice(index, 1, data)[0]
}, !hasProto)

def(ArrayProxy, '$remove', function (index) {
    if (typeof index !== 'number') {
        index = this.indexOf(index)
    }
    if (index > -1) {
        return this.splice(index, 1)[0]
    }
}, !hasProto)

/**
 *  Intercep a mutation event so we can emit the mutation info.
 *  we also analyze what elements are added/removed and link/unlink
 *  them with the parent Array.
 */
function watchMutation (method) {
    def(ArrayProxy, method, function () {

        var args = slice.call(arguments),
            result = Array.prototype[method].apply(this, args),
            inserted, removed

        // determine new / removed elements
        if (method === 'push' || method === 'unshift') {
            inserted = args
        } else if (method === 'pop' || method === 'shift') {
            removed = [result]
        } else if (method === 'splice') {
            inserted = args.slice(2)
            removed = result
        }
        
        // link & unlink
        linkArrayElements(this, inserted)
        unlinkArrayElements(this, removed)

        // emit the mutation event
        this.__emitter__.emit('mutate', '', this, {
            method   : method,
            args     : args,
            result   : result,
            inserted : inserted,
            removed  : removed
        })

        return result
        
    }, !hasProto)
}

/**
 *  Link new elements to an Array, so when they change
 *  and emit events, the owner Array can be notified.
 */
function linkArrayElements (arr, items) {
    if (items) {
        var i = items.length, item, owners
        while (i--) {
            item = items[i]
            if (isWatchable(item)) {
                // if object is not converted for observing
                // convert it...
                if (!item.__emitter__) {
                    convert(item)
                    watch(item)
                }
                owners = item.__emitter__.owners
                if (owners.indexOf(arr) < 0) {
                    owners.push(arr)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 *  Unlink removed elements from the ex-owner Array.
 */
function unlinkArrayElements (arr, items) {
    if (items) {
        var i = items.length, item
        while (i--) {
            item = items[i]
            if (item && item.__emitter__) {
                var owners = item.__emitter__.owners
                if (owners) owners.splice(owners.indexOf(arr))
            }
        }
    }
}

// Object add/delete key augmentation -----------------------------------------

var ObjProxy = Object.create(Object.prototype)

def(ObjProxy, '$add', function (key, val) {
    if (hasOwn.call(this, key)) return
    this[key] = val
    convertKey(this, key)
    // emit a propagating set event
    this.__emitter__.emit('set', key, val, true)
}, !hasProto)

def(ObjProxy, '$delete', function (key) {
    if (!(hasOwn.call(this, key))) return
    // trigger set events
    this[key] = undefined
    delete this[key]
    this.__emitter__.emit('delete', key)
}, !hasProto)

// Watch Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 *  Check if a value is watchable
 */
function isWatchable (obj) {
    ViewModel = ViewModel || require('./viewmodel')
    var type = typeOf(obj)
    return (type === OBJECT || type === ARRAY) && !(obj instanceof ViewModel)
}

/**
 *  Convert an Object/Array to give it a change emitter.
 */
function convert (obj) {
    if (obj.__emitter__) return true
    var emitter = new Emitter()
    def(obj, '__emitter__', emitter)
    emitter
        .on('set', function (key, val, propagate) {
            if (propagate) propagateChange(obj)
        })
        .on('mutate', function () {
            propagateChange(obj)
        })
    emitter.values = utils.hash()
    emitter.owners = []
    return false
}

/**
 *  Propagate an array element's change to its owner arrays
 */
function propagateChange (obj) {
    var owners = obj.__emitter__.owners,
        i = owners.length
    while (i--) {
        owners[i].__emitter__.emit('set', '', '', true)
    }
}

/**
 *  Watch target based on its type
 */
function watch (obj) {
    var type = typeOf(obj)
    if (type === OBJECT) {
        watchObject(obj)
    } else if (type === ARRAY) {
        watchArray(obj)
    }
}

/**
 *  Augment target objects with modified
 *  methods
 */
function augment (target, src) {
    if (hasProto) {
        target.__proto__ = src
    } else {
        for (var key in src) {
            def(target, key, src[key])
        }
    }
}

/**
 *  Watch an Object, recursive.
 */
function watchObject (obj) {
    augment(obj, ObjProxy)
    for (var key in obj) {
        convertKey(obj, key)
    }
}

/**
 *  Watch an Array, overload mutation methods
 *  and add augmentations by intercepting the prototype chain
 */
function watchArray (arr) {
    augment(arr, ArrayProxy)
    linkArrayElements(arr, arr)
}

/**
 *  Define accessors for a property on an Object
 *  so it emits get/set events.
 *  Then watch the value itself.
 */
function convertKey (obj, key) {
    var keyPrefix = key.charAt(0)
    if (keyPrefix === '$' || keyPrefix === '_') {
        return
    }
    // emit set on bind
    // this means when an object is observed it will emit
    // a first batch of set events.
    var emitter = obj.__emitter__,
        values  = emitter.values

    init(obj[key])

    oDef(obj, key, {
        enumerable: true,
        configurable: true,
        get: function () {
            var value = values[key]
            // only emit get on tip values
            if (pub.shouldGet) {
                emitter.emit('get', key)
            }
            return value
        },
        set: function (newVal) {
            var oldVal = values[key]
            unobserve(oldVal, key, emitter)
            copyPaths(newVal, oldVal)
            // an immediate property should notify its parent
            // to emit set for itself too
            init(newVal, true)
        }
    })

    function init (val, propagate) {
        values[key] = val
        emitter.emit('set', key, val, propagate)
        if (Array.isArray(val)) {
            emitter.emit('set', key + '.length', val.length, propagate)
        }
        observe(val, key, emitter)
    }
}

/**
 *  When a value that is already converted is
 *  observed again by another observer, we can skip
 *  the watch conversion and simply emit set event for
 *  all of its properties.
 */
function emitSet (obj) {
    var type = typeOf(obj),
        emitter = obj && obj.__emitter__
    if (type === ARRAY) {
        emitter.emit('set', 'length', obj.length)
    } else if (type === OBJECT) {
        var key, val
        for (key in obj) {
            val = obj[key]
            emitter.emit('set', key, val)
            emitSet(val)
        }
    }
}

/**
 *  Make sure all the paths in an old object exists
 *  in a new object.
 *  So when an object changes, all missing keys will
 *  emit a set event with undefined value.
 */
function copyPaths (newObj, oldObj) {
    if (typeOf(oldObj) !== OBJECT || typeOf(newObj) !== OBJECT) {
        return
    }
    var path, type, oldVal, newVal
    for (path in oldObj) {
        if (!(hasOwn.call(newObj, path))) {
            oldVal = oldObj[path]
            type = typeOf(oldVal)
            if (type === OBJECT) {
                newVal = newObj[path] = {}
                copyPaths(newVal, oldVal)
            } else if (type === ARRAY) {
                newObj[path] = []
            } else {
                newObj[path] = undefined
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 *  walk along a path and make sure it can be accessed
 *  and enumerated in that object
 */
function ensurePath (obj, key) {
    var path = key.split('.'), sec
    for (var i = 0, d = path.length - 1; i < d; i++) {
        sec = path[i]
        if (!obj[sec]) {
            obj[sec] = {}
            if (obj.__emitter__) convertKey(obj, sec)
        }
        obj = obj[sec]
    }
    if (typeOf(obj) === OBJECT) {
        sec = path[i]
        if (!(hasOwn.call(obj, sec))) {
            obj[sec] = undefined
            if (obj.__emitter__) convertKey(obj, sec)
        }
    }
}

// Main API Methods -----------------------------------------------------------

/**
 *  Observe an object with a given path,
 *  and proxy get/set/mutate events to the provided observer.
 */
function observe (obj, rawPath, observer) {

    if (!isWatchable(obj)) return

    var path = rawPath ? rawPath + '.' : '',
        alreadyConverted = convert(obj),
        emitter = obj.__emitter__

    // setup proxy listeners on the parent observer.
    // we need to keep reference to them so that they
    // can be removed when the object is un-observed.
    observer.proxies = observer.proxies || {}
    var proxies = observer.proxies[path] = {
        get: function (key) {
            observer.emit('get', path + key)
        },
        set: function (key, val, propagate) {
            if (key) observer.emit('set', path + key, val)
            // also notify observer that the object itself changed
            // but only do so when it's a immediate property. this
            // avoids duplicate event firing.
            if (rawPath && propagate) {
                observer.emit('set', rawPath, obj, true)
            }
        },
        mutate: function (key, val, mutation) {
            // if the Array is a root value
            // the key will be null
            var fixedPath = key ? path + key : rawPath
            observer.emit('mutate', fixedPath, val, mutation)
            // also emit set for Array's length when it mutates
            var m = mutation.method
            if (m !== 'sort' && m !== 'reverse') {
                observer.emit('set', fixedPath + '.length', val.length)
            }
        }
    }

    // attach the listeners to the child observer.
    // now all the events will propagate upwards.
    emitter
        .on('get', proxies.get)
        .on('set', proxies.set)
        .on('mutate', proxies.mutate)

    if (alreadyConverted) {
        // for objects that have already been converted,
        // emit set events for everything inside
        emitSet(obj)
    } else {
        watch(obj)
    }
}

/**
 *  Cancel observation, turn off the listeners.
 */
function unobserve (obj, path, observer) {

    if (!obj || !obj.__emitter__) return

    path = path ? path + '.' : ''
    var proxies = observer.proxies[path]
    if (!proxies) return

    // turn off listeners
    obj.__emitter__
        .off('get', proxies.get)
        .off('set', proxies.set)
        .off('mutate', proxies.mutate)

    // remove reference
    observer.proxies[path] = null
}

// Expose API -----------------------------------------------------------------

var pub = module.exports = {

    // whether to emit get events
    // only enabled during dependency parsing
    shouldGet   : false,

    observe     : observe,
    unobserve   : unobserve,
    ensurePath  : ensurePath,
    copyPaths   : copyPaths,
    watch       : watch,
    convert     : convert,
    convertKey  : convertKey
}